James+Chadwick+-+Allison+and+Bec+Muscat

James Chadwick a British scientist discovered the neutron in 1932. While he was looking at a sample of Beryllium with alpha particles he found that a ray was given off by the Beryllium. James Chadwick found that the rays were not deflected by a magnetic or electrical field and that they carried no charge. When he was performing tests he discovered a new type of radiation. He recommended that the alpha particles hitting the Beryllium foil shifted uncharged particles called neutrons from the nucleus of the Beryllium atom. He also discovered that the neutrons almost had the same mass as the protons. The symbols for these emissions are b - or –1e0, a 2+ or 24He2+, and 00g ** James Chadwick ** Born in Cheshire, England, on 20th October, 1891. He attended Manchester High School prior to entering Manchester University in 1908; he graduated from the Honours School of Physics in 1911 and spent the next two years under [|Professor Rutherford] in the Physical Laboratory in Manchester, where he worked on various radioactivity problems, gaining his M.Sc. degree in 1913. He worked under Rutherford who had succeeded that year in disintegrating atoms by bombarding nitrogen with alpha particles, with the emission of a proton. This was the first artificial nuclear transformation. In Cambridge, Chadwick joined Rutherford in accomplishing the transmutation of other light elements by bombardment with alpha particles, and in making studies of the properties and structure of atomic nuclei. Accomplishments-
 * Awarded the 1851 Exhibition Scholarship.
 * He was elected Fellow of Gonville and Caius College (1921-1935) and became Assistant Director of Research in the Cavendish Laboratory (1923). In 1927 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society.
 * In 1932, Chadwick made a fundamental discovery in the domain of nuclear science: he proved the existence of //neutrons//
 * Nobel Prize for Physics in 1935.
 * Elected to the Lyon Jones Chair of Physics in the University of Liverpool in 1935.
 * Chadwick has had many papers published on the topic of radioactivity and connected problems and, with Lord Rutherford and C. D. Ellis, he is co-author of the book //Radiations from Radioactive substances// (1930).


 * Knighted by Sir James in 1945.
 * Knighted by Sir James in 1945.